Exodus 12:29New American Standard Bible (NASB ©1995) [2]
— Now it came about at midnight that the LORD struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of cattle.
King James Version (KJV 1769) [2]
— And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that [was] in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.
English Revised Version (ERV 1885)
— And it came to pass at midnight, that the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.
American Standard Version (ASV 1901) [2]
— And it came to pass at midnight, that Jehovah smote all the first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the first-born of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the first-born of cattle.
Webster's Revision of the KJB (WEB 1833)
— And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh that sat on his throne, to the first-born of the captive that [was] in the dungeon; and all the first-born of cattle.
Darby's Translation (DBY 1890)
— And it came to pass that at midnight Jehovah smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of cattle.
Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR 1902)
— And it came to pass, at midnight, that Yahweh, smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat upon his throne, unto the firstborn of the captive who was in the pit of his prison,—and every firstborn of beasts.
Young's Literal Translation (YLT 1898)
— And it cometh to pass, at midnight, that Jehovah hath smitten every first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh who is sitting on his throne, unto the first-born of the captive who [is] in the prison-house, and every first-born of beasts.
Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (DR 1750)
— And it came to pass at midnight, the Lord slew every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharao, who sat on his throne, unto the firstborn of the captive woman that was in the prison, and all the firstborn of cattle.
Geneva Bible (GNV 1560)
— Nowe at midnight, the Lorde smote all the first borne in the lande of Egypt, from the first borne of Pharaoh that sate on his throne, vnto the first borne of the captiue that was in prison, and all the first borne of beastes.
Original King James Bible (AV 1611) [2]
— And it came to passe that at midnight the LORD smote all the first borne in the land of Egypt, from the first borne of Pharaoh that sate on his throne, vnto the first borne of the captiue that was in the dungeon, and all the first borne of cattell.
Lamsa Bible (1957)
— And it came to pass that at midnight the LORD slew all the first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh who sits on his throne to the first-born of the captive who was in the prison; and all the first-born of cattle.
Brenton Greek Septuagint (LXX, Restored Names)
— And it came to pass at midnight that the Lord smote all the first-born in the land of Mizraim{gr.Egypt}, from the first-born of Pharaoh{gr.Pharao} that sat on the throne, to the first-born of the captive-maid in the dungeon, and the first-born of all cattle.
Full Hebrew Names / Holy Name KJV (2008) [2] [3]
— And it came to pass, that at midnight Yahweh smote all the firstborn in the land of Mitzrayim, from the firstborn of Paroh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that [was] in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. |
And it came to pass,
x1961 (1961) Complementהָיָהhayah{haw-yaw'}
A primitive root (compare H1933); to exist, that is, be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary).
that at midnight
2677 {2677} Primeחֲצִיchetsiy{khay-tsee'}
From H2673; the half or middle.
3915 {3915} Primeלַיִלlayil{lah'-yil}
From the same as H3883; properly a twist (away of the light), that is, night; figuratively adversity.
Yähwè
יָהוֶה
3068 {3068} PrimeיְהֹוָהY@hovah{yeh-ho-vaw'}
From H1961; (the) self Existent or eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God.
smote
5221 {5221} Primeנָכָהnakah{naw-kaw'}
A primitive root; to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively).
z8689 <8689> Grammar
Stem - Hiphil (See H8818) Mood - Perfect (See H8816) Count - 2675
all
x3605 (3605) Complementכֹּלkol{kole}
From H3634; properly the whole; hence all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense).
the firstborn
1060 {1060} Primeבְּכוֹרb@kowr{bek-ore'}
From H1069; firstborn; hence chief.
in the land
776 {0776} Primeאֶרֶץ'erets{eh'-rets}
From an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land).
of
Mixrayim
מִצרַיִם,
4714 {4714} PrimeמִצְרַיִםMitsrayim{mits-rah'-yim}
Dual of H4693; Mitsrajim, that is, Upper and Lower Egypt.
from the firstborn
1060 {1060} Primeבְּכוֹרb@kowr{bek-ore'}
From H1069; firstborn; hence chief.
x4480 (4480) Complementמִןmin{min}
For H4482; properly a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses.
of
Par`ò
פַּרעֹה
6547 {6547} PrimeפַּרְעֹהPar`oh{par-o'}
Of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a generic title of Egyptian kings.
that sat
3427 {3427} Primeיָשַׁבyashab{yaw-shab'}
A primitive root; properly to sit down (specifically as judge, in ambush, in quiet); by implication to dwell, to remain; causatively to settle, to marry.
z8802 <8802> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Participle Active (See H8814) Count - 5386
on
x5921 (5921) Complementעַל`al{al}
Properly the same as H5920 used as a preposition (in the singular or plural, often with prefix, or as conjugation with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications.
his throne
3678 {3678} Primeכִּסֵּאkicce'{kis-say'}
From H3680; properly covered, that is, a throne (as canopied).
unto
x5704 (5704) Complementעַד`ad{ad}
Properly the same as H5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or conjugation; especially with a preposition); as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space ( even unto) or time ( during, while, until) or degree ( equally with).
the firstborn
1060 {1060} Primeבְּכוֹרb@kowr{bek-ore'}
From H1069; firstborn; hence chief.
of the captive
7628 {7628} Primeשְׁבִיsh@biy{sheb-ee'}
From H7618; exiled; captured; as noun, exile (abstractly or concretely and collectively); by extension booty.
that
x834 (0834) Complementאֲשֶׁר'asher{ash-er'}
A primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as adverb and conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
[ was] in the dungeon;
1004 {1004} Primeבַּיִתbayith{bah'-yith}
Probably from H1129 abbreviated; a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.).
953 {0953} Primeבּוֹרbowr{bore}
From H0952 (in the sense of H0877); a pit hole (especially one used as a cistern or prison).
and all
x3605 (3605) Complementכֹּלkol{kole}
From H3634; properly the whole; hence all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense).
the firstborn
1060 {1060} Primeבְּכוֹרb@kowr{bek-ore'}
From H1069; firstborn; hence chief.
of cattle.
929 {0929} Primeבְּהֵמָהb@hemah{be-hay-maw'}
From an unused root (probably meaning to be mute); properly a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collectively). |
Exodus 12:29
_ _ at midnight the Lord smote all the first-born in the land of Egypt — At the moment when the Israelites were observing the newly instituted feast in the singular manner described, the threatened calamity overtook the Egyptians. It is more easy to imagine than describe the confusion and terror of that people suddenly roused from sleep and enveloped in darkness — none could assist their neighbors when the groans of the dying and the wild shrieks of mourners were heard everywhere around. The hope of every family was destroyed at a stroke. This judgment, terrible though it was, evinced the equity of divine retribution. For eighty years the Egyptians had caused the male children of the Israelites to be cast into the river [Exodus 1:16], and now all their own first-born fell under the stroke of the destroying angel. They were made, in the justice of God, to feel something of what they had made His people feel. Many a time have the hands of sinners made the snares in which they have themselves been entangled, and fallen into the pit which they have dug for the righteous [Proverbs 28:10]. “Verily there is a God that judgeth in the earth” [Psalms 58:11]. |
Exodus 12:29-36
_ _ Here we have, I. The Egyptians' sons, even their first-born, slain, Exodus 12:29, Exodus 12:30. If Pharaoh would have taken the warning which was given him of this plague, and would thereupon have released Israel, what a great many dear and valuable lives might have been preserved! But see what obstinate infidelity brings upon men. Observe, 1. The time when this blow was given: It was at midnight, which added to the terror of it. The three preceding nights were made dreadful by the additional plague of darkness, which might be felt, and doubtless disturbed their repose; and now, when they hoped for one quiet night's rest, at midnight was the alarm given. When the destroying angel drew his sword against Jerusalem, it was in the day-time (2 Samuel 24:15), which made it the less frightful; but the destruction of Egypt was by a pestilence walking in darkness, Psalms 91:6. Shortly there will be an alarming cry at midnight, Behold, the bridegroom cometh. 2. On whom the plague fastened — on their first-born, the joy and hope of their respective families. They had slain the Hebrews' children, and now God slew theirs. Thus he visits the iniquity of the fathers upon the children; and he is not unrighteous who taketh vengeance. 3. How far it reached — from the throne to the dungeon. Prince and peasant stand upon the same level before God's judgments, for there is no respect of persons with him; see Job 34:29, Job 34:20. Now the slain of the Lord were many; multitudes, multitudes, fall in this valley of decision, when the controversy between God and Pharaoh was to be determined. 4. What an outcry was made upon it: There was a great cry in Egypt, universal lamentation for their only son (with many), and with all for their first-born. If any be suddenly taken ill in the night, we are wont to call up neighbours; but the Egyptians could have no help, no comfort, from their neighbours, all being involved in the same calamity. Let us learn hence, (1.) To tremble before God, and to be afraid of his judgments, Psalms 119:120. Who is able to stand before him, or dares resist him? (2.) To be thankful to God for the daily preservation of ourselves and our families: lying so much exposed, we have reason to say, “It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.”
_ _ II. God's sons, even his first-born, released; this judgment conquered Pharaoh, and obliged him to surrender at discretion, without capitulating. Men had better come up to God's terms at first, for he will never come down to theirs, let them object as long as they will. Now Pharaoh's pride is abased, and he yields to all that Moses had insisted on: Serve the Lord as you have said (Exodus 12:31), and take your flocks as you have said, Exodus 12:32. Note, God's word will stand, and we shall get nothing by disputing it, or delaying to submit to it. Hitherto the Israelites were not permitted to depart, but now things had come to the last extremity, in consequence of which, 1. They are commanded to depart: Rise up, and get you forth, Exodus 12:31. Pharaoh had told Moses he should see his face no more; but now he sent for him. Those will seek God early in their distress who before had set him at defiance. Such a fright he was now in that he gave orders by night for their discharge, fearing lest, if he delayed any longer, he himself should fall next; and that he sent them out, not as men hated (as the pagan historians have represented this matter), but as men feared, is plainly discovered by his humble request to them (Exodus 12:32): “Bless me also; let me have your prayers, that I may not be plagued for what is past, when you are gone.” Note, Those that are enemies to God's church are enemies to themselves, and, sooner or later, they will be made to see it. 2. They are hired to depart by the Egyptians; they cried out (Exodus 12:33), We be all dead men. Note, When death comes into our houses, it is seasonable for us to think of our own mortality. Are our relations dead? It is easy to infer thence that we are dying, and, in effect, already dead men. Upon this consideration they were urgent with the Israelites to be gone, which gave great advantage to the Israelites in borrowing their jewels, Exodus 12:35, Exodus 12:36. When the Egyptians urged them to be gone, it was easy for the to say that the Egyptians had kept them poor, that they could not undertake such a journey with empty purses, but, that, if they would give them wherewithal to bear their charges, they would be gone. And this the divine Providence designed in suffering things to come to this extremity, that they, becoming formidable to the Egyptians, might have what they would, for asking; the Lord also, by the influence he has on the minds of people, inclined the hearts of the Egyptians to furnish them with what they desired, they probably intending thereby to make atonement, that the plagues might be stayed, as the Philistines, when they returned the ark, sent a present with it for a trespass-offering, having an eye to this precedent, 1 Samuel 6:3, 1 Samuel 6:6. The Israelites might receive and keep what they thus borrowed, or rather required, of the Egyptians, (1.) As justly as servants receive wages from their masters for work done, and sue for it if it be detained. (2.) As justly as conquerors take the spoils of their enemies whom they have subdued; Pharaoh was in rebellion against the God of the Hebrews, by which all that he had was forfeited. (3.) As justly as subjects receive the estates granted to them by their prince. God is the sovereign proprietor of the earth, and the fulness thereof; and, if he take from one and give to another, who may say unto him, What doest thou? It was by God's special order and appointment that the Israelites did what they did, which was sufficient to justify them, and bear them out; but what they did will by no means authorize others (who cannot pretend to any such warrant) to do the same. Let us remember, [1.] That the King of kings can do no wrong. [2.] That he will do right to those whom men injure, Psalms 146:7. Hence it is that the wealth of the sinner often proves to be laid up for the just, Proverbs 13:22; Job 27:16, Job 27:17. |
- at midnight:
Exodus 12:12 For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I [am] the LORD.
Exodus 11:4 And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt:
Exodus 13:15 And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem.
Job 34:20 In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without hand.
1 Thessalonians 5:2-3 For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night. ... For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall not escape.
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- the LORD[YHWH] smote:
- The infliction of this judgment on the Egyptians was most equitable; because, after their nation had been preserved by one of the Israelitish family, they had, contrary to all right, and in defiance of original stipulation, enslaved the people to whom they had been so much indebted, had murdered their offspring, and made their bondage intolerable. See Bryant, p. 160.
Numbers 3:13 Because all the firstborn [are] mine; [for] on the day that I smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I hallowed unto me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and beast: mine shall they be: I [am] the LORD.
Numbers 8:17 For all the firstborn of the children of Israel [are] mine, [both] man and beast: on the day that I smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt I sanctified them for myself.
Numbers 33:4 For the Egyptians buried all [their] firstborn, which the LORD had smitten among them: upon their gods also the LORD executed judgments.
Psalms 78:51 And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of [their] strength in the tabernacles of Ham:
Psalms 105:36 He smote also all the firstborn in their land, the chief of all their strength.
Psalms 135:8 Who smote the firstborn of Egypt, both of man and beast.
Psalms 136:10 To him that smote Egypt in their firstborn: for his mercy [endureth] for ever:
Hebrews 11:28 Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, lest he that destroyed the firstborn should touch them.
Hebrews 12:23 To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,
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- the firstborn of Pharaoh:
Exodus 4:23 And I say unto thee, Let my son go, that he may serve me: and if thou refuse to let him go, behold, I will slay thy son, [even] thy firstborn.
Exodus 11:5 And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that [is] behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts.
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- dungeon:
- Heb. house of the pit,
Isaiah 24:22 And they shall be gathered together, [as] prisoners are gathered in the pit, and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be visited.
Isaiah 51:14 The captive exile hasteneth that he may be loosed, and that he should not die in the pit, nor that his bread should fail.
Jeremiah 38:6 Then took they Jeremiah, and cast him into the dungeon of Malchiah the son of Hammelech, that [was] in the court of the prison: and they let down Jeremiah with cords. And in the dungeon [there was] no water, but mire: so Jeremiah sunk in the mire.
Jeremiah 38:13 So they drew up Jeremiah with cords, and took him up out of the dungeon: and Jeremiah remained in the court of the prison.
Zechariah 9:11 As for thee also, by the blood of thy covenant I have sent forth thy prisoners out of the pit wherein [is] no water.
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