Malachi 1:3New American Standard Bible (NASB ©1995) [2]
— but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation and [appointed] his inheritance for the jackals of the wilderness.”
King James Version (KJV 1769) [2]
— And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
English Revised Version (ERV 1885)
— but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and [gave] his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.
American Standard Version (ASV 1901) [2]
— but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and [gave] his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.
Webster's Revision of the KJB (WEB 1833)
— And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
Darby's Translation (DBY 1890)
— and I hated Esau; and made his mountains a desolation, and [gave] his inheritance to the jackals of the wilderness.
Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR 1902)
— And, Esau, have I hated,—and made his mountains a desolation, and his inheritance [a dwelling] for the jackals of the wilderness.
Young's Literal Translation (YLT 1898)
— Is not Esau Jacob's brother?—an affirmation of Jehovah, And I love Jacob, and Esau I have hated, And I make his mountains a desolation, And his inheritance for dragons of a wilderness.
Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (DR 1750)
— But have hated Esau? and I have made his mountains a wilderness, and given his inheritance to the dragons of the desert.
Geneva Bible (GNV 1560)
— And I hated Esau, and made his mountaines wast, ? his heritage a wildernes for dragons.
Original King James Bible (AV 1611) [2]
— And I hated Esau, and layde his mountaines, and his heritage waste, for the dragons of the wildernesse.
Lamsa Bible (1957)
— And I have made his mountains waste and his heritage for camps of shepherds in the wilderness.
Brenton Greek Septuagint (LXX, Restored Names)
— and hated Esau and laid waste his borders, and made his heritage as dwellings of the wilderness?
Full Hebrew Names / Holy Name KJV (2008) [2] [3]
— And I hated Esaw, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness. |
And I hated
8130 {8130} Primeשָׂנֵאsane'{saw-nay'}
A primitive root; to hate (personally).
z8804 <8804> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Perfect (See H8816) Count - 12562
`Ëŝäw
עֵשָׂו,
6215 {6215} Primeעֵשָׂו`Esav{ay-sawv'}
Apparently a form of the passive participle of H6213 in the original sense of handling; rough (that is, sensibly felt); Esav, a son of Isaac, including his posterity.
and laid
7760 {7760} Primeשׂוּםsuwm{soom}
A primitive root; to put (used in a great variety of applications, literally, figuratively, inferentially and elliptically).
z8799 <8799> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Imperfect (See H8811) Count - 19885
x853 (0853) Complementאֵת'eth{ayth}
Apparently contracted from H0226 in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely).
his mountains
2022 {2022} Primeהַרhar{har}
A shortened form of H2042; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively).
and his heritage
5159 {5159} Primeנַחֲלָהnachalah{nakh-al-aw'}
From H5157 (in its usual sense); properly something inherited, that is, (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion.
waste
8077 {8077} Primeשְׁמָמָהsh@mamah{shem-aw-maw'}
Feminine of H8076; devastation; figuratively astonishment.
for the dragons
8568 {8568} Primeתַּןtannah{tan-naw'}
Probably feminine of H8565; a female jackal.
of the wilderness.
4057 {4057} Primeמִדְבָּרmidbar{mid-bawr'}
From H1696 in the sense of driving; a pasture (that is, open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication a desert; also speech (including its organs). |
Malachi 1:3
_ _ hated — not positively, but relatively; that is, did not choose him out to be the object of gratuitous favor, as I did Jacob (compare Luke 14:26, with Matthew 10:37; Genesis 29:30, Genesis 29:31; Deuteronomy 21:15, Deuteronomy 21:16).
_ _ laid his mountains ... waste — that is, his territory which was generally mountainous. Israel was, it is true, punished by the Chaldeans, but Edom has been utterly destroyed; namely, either by Nebuchadnezzar [Rosenmuller], or by the neighboring peoples, Egypt, Ammon, and Moab [Josephus, Antiquities, 10.9, 7; Maurer], (Jeremiah 49:18).
_ _ dragons — jackals [Moore] (compare Isaiah 34:13). Maurer translates, “Abodes of the wilderness,” from an Arabic root “to stop,” or “to abide.” English Version is better. |
Malachi 1:3
I hated — I loved not Esau's posterity as I loved Jacob's. His heritage — Mount Seir with the neighbouring mountains. Waste — By Nebuchadnezzar's arms five years after the sacking of Jerusalem, and whereas Jacob's captivity returned, and their cities were rebuilt, Esau's never were. The dragons — Creatures which delight in desolate places, by which the utter desolation of Esau is signified. |
Malachi 1:3
And I (c) hated Esau, (1) and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
(c) For besides this the signs of my hatred appeared even when he was made servant to his younger brother, being yet in his mother's belly, and also afterward in that he was put from his birthright. Yet even now before your eyes the signs of this are evident, in that his country lies waste, and he will never return to inhabit it.
(d) Whereas you my people, whom the enemy hated more than them, are by my grace and love towards you delivered; read (Romans 9:13). |
- hated:
Genesis 29:30-31 And he went in also unto Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years. ... And when the LORD saw that Leah [was] hated, he opened her womb: but Rachel [was] barren.
Deuteronomy 21:15-16 If a man have two wives, one beloved, and another hated, and they have born him children, [both] the beloved and the hated; and [if] the firstborn son be hers that was hated: ... Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit [that] which he hath, [that] he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, [which is indeed] the firstborn:
Luke 14:26 If any [man] come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple.
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- laid:
Isaiah 34:9-12 And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch. ... They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none [shall be] there, and all her princes shall be nothing.
Jeremiah 49:16-18 Thy terribleness hath deceived thee, [and] the pride of thine heart, O thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, that holdest the height of the hill: though thou shouldest make thy nest as high as the eagle, I will bring thee down from thence, saith the LORD. ... As in the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour [cities] thereof, saith the LORD, no man shall abide there, neither shall a son of man dwell in it.
Ezekiel 25:13-14 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also stretch out mine hand upon Edom, and will cut off man and beast from it; and I will make it desolate from Teman; and they of Dedan shall fall by the sword. ... And I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel: and they shall do in Edom according to mine anger and according to my fury; and they shall know my vengeance, saith the Lord GOD.
Ezekiel 36:3-4 Therefore prophesy and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because they have made [you] desolate, and swallowed you up on every side, that ye might be a possession unto the residue of the heathen, and ye are taken up in the lips of talkers, and [are] an infamy of the people: ... Therefore, ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD; Thus saith the Lord GOD to the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the valleys, to the desolate wastes, and to the cities that are forsaken, which became a prey and derision to the residue of the heathen that [are] round about;
Ezekiel 36:7 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I have lifted up mine hand, Surely the heathen that [are] about you, they shall bear their shame.
Ezekiel 36:9 For, behold, I [am] for you, and I will turn unto you, and ye shall be tilled and sown:
Ezekiel 36:14-15 Therefore thou shalt devour men no more, neither bereave thy nations any more, saith the Lord GOD. ... Neither will I cause [men] to hear in thee the shame of the heathen any more, neither shalt thou bear the reproach of the people any more, neither shalt thou cause thy nations to fall any more, saith the Lord GOD.
Joel 3:19 Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence [against] the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.
Obadiah 1:10 For [thy] violence against thy brother Jacob shame shall cover thee, and thou shalt be cut off for ever.
Obadiah 1:18 And the house of Jacob shall be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame, and the house of Esau for stubble, and they shall kindle in them, and devour them; and there shall not be [any] remaining of the house of Esau; for the LORD hath spoken [it].
Obadiah 1:19-21 And [they of] the south shall possess the mount of Esau; and [they of] the plain the Philistines: and they shall possess the fields of Ephraim, and the fields of Samaria: and Benjamin [shall possess] Gilead. ... And saviours shall come up on mount Zion to judge the mount of Esau; and the kingdom shall be the LORD'S.
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- the:
Isaiah 13:21-22 But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there. ... And the wild beasts of the islands shall cry in their desolate houses, and dragons in [their] pleasant palaces: and her time [is] near to come, and her days shall not be prolonged.
Isaiah 34:13-14 And thorns shall come up in her palaces, nettles and brambles in the fortresses thereof: and it shall be an habitation of dragons, [and] a court for owls. ... The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.
Isaiah 35:7 And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of water: in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, [shall be] grass with reeds and rushes.
Jeremiah 9:11 And I will make Jerusalem heaps, [and] a den of dragons; and I will make the cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant.
Jeremiah 51:37 And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwellingplace for dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing, without an inhabitant.
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