Joshua 3:16New American Standard Bible (NASB ©1995) [2]
— the waters which were flowing down from above stood [and] rose up in one heap, a great distance away at Adam, the city that is beside Zarethan; and those which were flowing down toward the sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, were completely cut off. So the people crossed opposite Jericho.
King James Version (KJV 1769) [2]
— That the waters which came down from above stood [and] rose up upon an heap very far from the city Adam, that [is] beside Zaretan: and those that came down toward the sea of the plain, [even] the salt sea, failed, [and] were cut off: and the people passed over right against Jericho.
English Revised Version (ERV 1885)
— that the waters which came down from above stood, and rose up in one heap, a great way off, at Adam, the city that is beside Zarethan: and those that went down toward the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, were wholly cut off: and the people passed over right against Jericho.
American Standard Version (ASV 1901) [2]
— that the waters which came down from above stood, and rose up in one heap, a great way off, at Adam, the city that is beside Zarethan; and those that went down toward the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, were wholly cut off: and the people passed over right against Jericho.
Webster's Revision of the KJB (WEB 1833)
— That the waters which came down from above stood [and] rose up in a heap very far from the city Adam, that [is] beside Zaretan; and those that came down towards the sea of the plain, [even] the salt sea, failed, [and] were cut off: and the people passed over right against Jericho.
Darby's Translation (DBY 1890)
— the waters which flowed down from above stood [and] rose up in a heap, very far, by Adam, the city that is beside Zaretan; and those that flowed down towards the sea of the plain, the salt sea, were completely cut off. And the people went over opposite to Jericho.
Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR 1902)
— that the waters which were coming down from above, stood—rose up in one mound, a great way off, by the city Adam, which is beside Zarethan, and, they which were going down to the sea of the waste plain, the salt sea, failed—were cut off,—and, the people, passed over, right against Jericho.
Young's Literal Translation (YLT 1898)
— that the waters stand; those coming down from above have risen—one heap, very far above Adam the city, which [is] at the side of Zaretan; and those going down by the sea of the plain, the Salt Sea, have been completely cut off; and the people have passed through over-against Jericho;
Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (DR 1750)
— The waters that came down from above stood in one place, and swelling up like a mountain, were seen afar off, from the city that is called Adom, to the place of Sarthan: but those that were beneath, ran down into the sea of the wilderness, (which now is called the Dead Sea) until they wholly failed.
Geneva Bible (GNV 1560)
— Then the waters that came downe from aboue, stayed and rose vpon an heape and departed farre from the citie of Adam, that was beside Zaretan: but the waters that came downe towarde the Sea of the wildernes, euen the salt Sea, failed, and were cut off: so the people went right ouer against Iericho.
Original King James Bible (AV 1611) [2]
— That the waters which came downe from aboue, stood [and] rose vp vpon an heape very farre, from the city Adam, that [is] beside Zaretan: and those that came downe toward the sea of the plaine, [euen] the salt sea, failed, [and] were cut off: and the people passed ouer right against Iericho.
Lamsa Bible (1957)
— That the waters that flowed down from above piled up as though they were in sheepskins, one beside the other; and extended for a long distance from the town of Aram, that is beside Zaretan; and those that flowed down toward the sea of the plain, the Salt Sea, failed to flow, and were divided; and the people passed over opposite Jericho.
Brenton Greek Septuagint (LXX, Restored Names)
— then the waters that came down from above stopped; there stood one solid heap very far off, as far as the region of Kariathiarim, and the lower part came down to the sea of Araba, the salt sea, till it completely failed; and the people stood opposite Jericho.
Full Hebrew Names / Holy Name KJV (2008) [2] [3]
— That the waters which came down from above stood [and] rose up upon an heap very far from the city Adam, that [is] beside Tzarthan: and those that came down toward the sea of the plain, [even] the salt sea, failed, [and] were cut off: and the people passed over right against Yericho. |
That the waters
4325 {4325} Primeמַיִםmayim{mah'-yim}
Dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense); water; figuratively juice; by euphemism urine, semen.
which came down
3381 {3381} Primeיָרַדyarad{yaw-rad'}
A primitive root; to descend (literally to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively to fall); causatively to bring down (in all the above applications).
z8802 <8802> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Participle Active (See H8814) Count - 5386
from above
4605 {4605} Primeמַעַלma`al{mah'-al}
From H5927; properly the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc.
x4480 (4480) Complementמִןmin{min}
For H4482; properly a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses.
stood
5975 {5975} Primeעָמַד`amad{aw-mad'}
A primitive root; to stand, in various relations (literally and figuratively, intransitively and transitively).
z8799 <8799> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Imperfect (See H8811) Count - 19885
[ and] rose up
6965 {6965} Primeקוּםquwm{koom}
A primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literally, figuratively, intensively and causatively).
z8804 <8804> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Perfect (See H8816) Count - 12562
upon an
259 {0259} Primeאֶחָד'echad{ekh-awd'}
A numeral from H0258; properly united, that is, one; or (as an ordinal) first.
heap
5067 {5067} Primeנֵדned{nade}
From H5110 in the sense of piling up; a mound, that is, wave.
very
3966 {3966} Primeמְאֹדm@`od{meh-ode'}
From the same as H0181; properly vehemence, that is, (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated).
far
7368 {7368} Primeרָחַקrachaq{raw-khak'}
A primitive root; to widen (in any direction), that is, (intransitively) recede or (transitively) remove (literally or figuratively, of place or relation).
z8687 <8687> Grammar
Stem - Hiphil (See H8818) Mood - Infinitive (See H8812) Count - 1162
from the city
5892 {5892} Primeעִיר`iyr{eer}
From H5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post).
´Äđäm
אָדָם,
121 {0121} Primeאָדָם'Adam{aw-dawm'}
The same as H0120; Adam, the name of the first man, also of a place in Palestine.
x4480 (4480) Complementמִןmin{min}
For H4482; properly a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses.
that
x834 (0834) Complementאֲשֶׁר'asher{ash-er'}
A primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as adverb and conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
[ is] beside
6654 {6654} Primeצַדtsad{tsad}
Contracted from an unused root meaning to sidle off; a side; figuratively an adversary.
x4480 (4480) Complementמִןmin{min}
For H4482; properly a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses.
Xärŧän
צָרתָן:
6891 {6891} PrimeצָרְתָןTsar@than{tsaw-reth-awn'}
Perhaps for H6868; Tsarethan, a place in Palestine.
and those that came down
3381 {3381} Primeיָרַדyarad{yaw-rad'}
A primitive root; to descend (literally to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively to fall); causatively to bring down (in all the above applications).
z8802 <8802> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Participle Active (See H8814) Count - 5386
toward
x5921 (5921) Complementעַל`al{al}
Properly the same as H5920 used as a preposition (in the singular or plural, often with prefix, or as conjugation with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications.
the sea
3220 {3220} Primeיָםyam{yawm}
From an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article) the Mediterranean; sometimes a large river, or an artificial basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south.
of the plain,
6160 {6160} Primeעֲרָבָה`arabah{ar-aw-baw'}
From H6150 (in the sense of sterility); a desert; especially (with the article prefixed) the (generally) sterile valley of the Jordan and its continuation to the Red Sea.
[ even] the salt
4417 {4417} Primeמֶּלַחmelach{meh'-lakh}
From H4414; properly powder, that is, (specifically) salt (as easily pulverized and dissolved).
sea,
3220 {3220} Primeיָםyam{yawm}
From an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article) the Mediterranean; sometimes a large river, or an artificial basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south.
failed,
8552 {8552} Primeתָּמַםtamam{taw-mam'}
A primitive root; to complete, in a good or a bad sense, literally or figuratively, transitively or intransitively.
z8804 <8804> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Perfect (See H8816) Count - 12562
[ and] were cut off:
3772 {3772} Primeכָּרַתkarath{kaw-rath'}
A primitive root; to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication to destroy or consume; specifically to covenant (that is, make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces).
z8738 <8738> Grammar
Stem - Niphal (See H8833) Mood - Perfect (See H8816) Count - 1429
and the people
5971 {5971} Primeעַם`am{am}
From H6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively a flock.
passed over
5674 {5674} Primeעָבַר`abar{aw-bar'}
A primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literally or figuratively; transitively, intransitively, intensively or causatively); specifically to cover (in copulation).
z8804 <8804> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Perfect (See H8816) Count - 12562
right against
x5048 (5048) Complementנֶגֶדneged{neh'-ghed}
From H5046; a front, that is, part opposite; specifically a counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbially, especially with preposition) over against or before.
Yærîçô
יְרִיחוֹ.
3405 {3405} PrimeיְרֵחוֹY@riychow{yer-ee-kho'}
Perhaps from H3394; its month; or else from H7306; fragrant; Jericho or Jerecho, a place in Palestine. |
Joshua 3:16
_ _ the waters which came down from above — that is, the Sea of Galilee
_ _ stood and rose up upon a heap — “in a heap,” a firm, compact barrier (Exodus 15:8; Psalms 78:13);
_ _ very far — high up the stream;
_ _ from the city Adam, that is beside Zaretan — near mount Sartabeh, in the northern part of the Ghor (1 Kings 7:46); that is, a distance of thirty miles from the Israelitish encampment; and
_ _ those that came down toward the sea of the desert — the Dead Sea — were cut off (Psalms 114:2, Psalms 114:3). The river was thus dried up as far as the eye could reach. This was a stupendous miracle; Jordan takes its name, “the Descender,” from the force of its current, which, after passing the Sea of Galilee, becomes greatly increased as it plunges through twenty-seven “horrible rapids and cascades,” besides a great many lesser through a fall of a thousand feet, averaging from four to five miles an hour [Lynch]. When swollen “in time of harvest,” it flows with a vastly accelerated current.
_ _ the people passed over right against Jericho — The exact spot is unknown; but it cannot be that fixed by Greek tradition — the pilgrims’ bathing-place — both because it is too much to the north, and the eastern banks are there sheer precipices ten or fifteen feet high. |
Joshua 3:16
Adam — The city Adam being more obscure, is described by its nearness to a more known place, then eminent, but now unknown. The meaning is, that the waters were stopped in their course at that place, and so kept at a distance from the Israelites whilst they passed over. Against Jericho — Here God carried them over, because this part was, The strongest, as having in its neighbourhood an eminent city, a potent king, and a stout and war — like people. The most pleasant and fruitful, and therefore more convenient both for the refreshment of the Israelites after their long and tedious marches, and for their encouragement. |
- rose up:
Joshua 3:13 And it shall come to pass, as soon as the soles of the feet of the priests that bear the ark of the LORD, the Lord of all the earth, shall rest in the waters of Jordan, [that] the waters of Jordan shall be cut off [from] the waters that come down from above; and they shall stand upon an heap.
Psalms 29:10 The LORD sitteth upon the flood; yea, the LORD sitteth King for ever.
Psalms 77:19 Thy way [is] in the sea, and thy path in the great waters, and thy footsteps are not known.
Psalms 114:3 The sea saw [it], and fled: Jordan was driven back.
Matthew 8:26-27 And he saith unto them, Why are ye fearful, O ye of little faith? Then he arose, and rebuked the winds and the sea; and there was a great calm. ... But the men marvelled, saying, What manner of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him!
Matthew 14:24-33 But the ship was now in the midst of the sea, tossed with waves: for the wind was contrary. ... Then they that were in the ship came and worshipped him, saying, Of a truth thou art the Son of God.
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- Zaretan:
1 Kings 4:12 Baana the son of Ahilud; [to him pertained] Taanach and Megiddo, and all Bethshean, which [is] by Zartanah beneath Jezreel, from Bethshean to Abelmeholah, [even] unto [the place that is] beyond Jokneam:
, Zartanah,
1 Kings 7:46 In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarthan.
, Zarthan
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- the salt sea:
Joshua 15:2 And their south border was from the shore of the salt sea, from the bay that looketh southward:
Genesis 14:3 All these were joined together in the vale of Siddim, which is the salt sea.
Numbers 34:3 Then your south quarter shall be from the wilderness of Zin along by the coast of Edom, and your south border shall be the outmost coast of the salt sea eastward:
Deuteronomy 3:17 The plain also, and Jordan, and the coast [thereof], from Chinnereth even unto the sea of the plain, [even] the salt sea, under Ashdothpisgah eastward.
; The passage through the Red Sea took place in the night, when the Israelites were fleeing from the Egyptians with great trepidation, but they passed Jordan in the day-time, with previous warning, leisurely, directly opposite to Jericho, and with a triumphant defiance of the Canaanites; this passage into the promised land evidently typifying the believer's passage through death to heaven.
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