1 Chronicles 25:8New American Standard Bible (NASB ©1995) [2]
— They cast lots for their duties, all alike, the small as well as the great, the teacher [as well] as the pupil.
King James Version (KJV 1769) [2]
— And they cast lots, ward against [ward], as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
English Revised Version (ERV 1885)
— And they cast lots for their charges, all alike, as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
American Standard Version (ASV 1901) [2]
— And they cast lots for their offices, all alike, as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
Webster's Revision of the KJB (WEB 1833)
— And they cast lots, ward against [ward], as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
Darby's Translation (DBY 1890)
— And they cast lots with one another over the charges, the small as well as the great, the teacher with the scholar.
Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR 1902)
— So they cast lots for their charges, all alike, as the small so the great, the teacher with the learner.
Young's Literal Translation (YLT 1898)
— And they cause to fall lots—charge over-against [charge], as well the small as the great, the intelligent with the learner.
Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (DR 1750)
— And they cast lots by their courses, the elder equally with the younger, the learned and the unlearned together.
Geneva Bible (GNV 1560)
— And they cast lottes, charge against charge, aswel small as great, the cunning man as the scholer.
Original King James Bible (AV 1611) [2]
— And they cast lots ward against [ward], as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholler.
Lamsa Bible (1957)
— And they cast lots for their courses, as well the younger as the elder, the pupil as the teacher.
Brenton Greek Septuagint (LXX, Restored Names)
— And they also cast lots for the daily courses, for the great and the small [of them], of the perfect ones and the learners.
Full Hebrew Names / Holy Name KJV (2008) [2] [3]
— And they cast lots, ward against [ward], as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar. |
And they cast
5307 {5307} Primeנָפַלnaphal{naw-fal'}
A primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitively or causatively, literally or figuratively).
z8686 <8686> Grammar
Stem - Hiphil (See H8818) Mood - Imperfect (See H8811) Count - 4046
lots,
1486 {1486} Primeגּוֹרָלgowral{go-rawl'}
From an unused root meaning to be rough (as stone); properly a pebble, that is, a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot).
ward
4931 {4931} Primeמִשְׁמֶרֶתmishmereth{mish-meh'-reth}
Feminine of H4929; watch, that is, the act ( custody) or (concretely) the sentry, the post; objectively preservation, or (concretely) safe; figuratively observance, that is, (abstractly) duty, or (objectively) a usage or party.
against
5980 {5980} Primeלְעֻמַּתה`ummah{oom-maw'}
From H6004; conjunction, that is, society; mostly adverbial or prepositional (with prepositional prefix), near, beside, along with.
[ ward], as well the small
6996 {6996} Primeקָטָןqatan{kaw-tawn'}
From H6962; abbreviated, that is, diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or figuratively (in age or importance).
as the great,
1419 {1419} Primeגָּדוֹלgadowl{gaw-dole'}
From H1431; great (in any sense); hence older; also insolent.
the teacher
995 {0995} Primeבִּיןbiyn{bene}
A primitive root; to separate mentally (or distinguish), that is, (generally) understand.
z8688 <8688> Grammar
Stem - Hiphil (See H8818) Mood - Participle (See H8813) Count - 857
as
x5973 (5973) Complementעִם`im{eem}
From H6004; adverb or preposition, with (that is, in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English).
the scholar.
8527 |
1 Chronicles 25:8
_ _ 1 Chronicles 25:8-31. Their division by lot into four and twenty orders.
_ _ they cast lots, ward against ward — “Ward” is an old English word for “division” or “company.” The lot was cast to determine the precedence of the classes or divisions over which the musical leaders presided; and, in order to secure an impartial arrangement of their order, the master and his assistants, the teacher and his scholars, in each class or company took part in this solemn casting of lots. In the first catalogue given in this chapter the courses are classed according to their employment as musicians. In the second, they are arranged in the order of their service. |
1 Chronicles 25:8-31
_ _ Twenty-four persons are named in the beginning of this chapter as sons of those three great men, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun. Ethan was the third (1 Chronicles 6:44), but probably he was dead before the establishment was perfected and Jeduthun came in his room. [Or perhaps Ethan and Jeduthun were two names for the same person.] Of these three Providence so ordered it that Asaph had four sons, Jeduthun six [only five are mentioned 1 Chronicles 25:3; Shimei, mentioned 1 Chronicles 25:17, is supposed to have been the sixth], and Heman fourteen, in all twenty-four (who were named, 1 Chronicles 25:2-4), who were all qualified for the service and called to it. But the question was, In what order must they serve? This was determined by lot, to prevent strife for precedency, a sin which most easily besets many that otherwise are good people.
_ _ I. The lot was thrown impartially. They were placed in twenty-four companies, twelve in a company, in two rows, twelve companies in a row, and so they cast lots, ward against ward, putting them all upon a level, small and great, teacher and scholar. They did not go according to their age, or according to their standing, or the degrees they had taken in the music-schools; but it was referred to God, 1 Chronicles 25:8. Small and great, teachers and scholars, stand alike before God, who goes not according to our rules of distinction and precedency. See Matthew 20:23.
_ _ II. God determined it as he pleased, taking account, it is probable, of the respective merits of the persons, which are of much more importance than seniority of age or priority of birth. Let us compare them with the preceding catalogue and we shall find that, 1. Josephus was the second son of Asaph. 2. Gedaliah the eldest son of Jeduthun. 3. Zaccur the eldest of Asaph. 4. Izri the second of Jeduthun. 5. Nethaniah the third of Asaph. 6. Bukkiah the eldest of Heman. 7. Jesharelah the youngest of Asaph. 8. Jeshaiah the third of Jeduthun. 9. Mattaniah the second of Heman. 10. Shimei the youngest of Jeduthun. 11. Azareel the third of Heman. 12. Hashabiah the fourth of Jeduthun. 13. Shubael the fourth of Heman. 14. Mattithiah the fifth of Jeduthun. 15. Jeremoth the fifth of Heman. 16. Hananiah the sixth of Heman. 17. Joshbekashah the eleventh of Heman. 18. Hanani the seventh of Heman. 19. Mallothi the twelfth of Heman. 20. Eliathah the eighth of Heman. 21. Hothir the thirteenth of Heman. 22. Giddalti the ninth of Heman. 23. Mehazioth the fourteenth of Heman. And, lastly, Romamti-ezer, the tenth of Heman. See how God increased some and preferred the younger before the elder.
_ _ III. Each of these had in his chorus the number of twelve, called their sons and their brethren, because they observed them as sons, and concurred with them as brethren. Probably twelve, some for the voice and others for the instrument, made up the concert. Let us learn with one mind and one mouth to glorify God, and that will be the best concert. |
1 Chronicles 25:8
Ward — A course of Levites answerable to one of the priests, upon whom the Levites were to wait in their holy ministrations, 1 Chronicles 23:28. The scholar — Without any respect to their different ages or abilities. |
1 Chronicles 25:8
And they cast lots, (d) ward against [ward], as well the (e) small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
(d) Who should be in every company and course.
(e) Without respect to age or cunning. |
- cast lots:
1 Chronicles 24:5 Thus were they divided by lot, one sort with another; for the governors of the sanctuary, and governors [of the house] of God, were of the sons of Eleazar, and of the sons of Ithamar.
Leviticus 16:8 And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat.
1 Samuel 14:41-42 Therefore Saul said unto the LORD God of Israel, Give a perfect [lot]. And Saul and Jonathan were taken: but the people escaped. ... And Saul said, Cast [lots] between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken.
Proverbs 16:33 The lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing thereof [is] of the LORD.
Acts 1:26 And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.
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- ward against ward:
1 Chronicles 24:31 These likewise cast lots over against their brethren the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and Ahimelech, and the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites, even the principal fathers over against their younger brethren.
1 Chronicles 26:13 And they cast lots, as well the small as the great, according to the house of their fathers, for every gate.
1 Chronicles 26:16 To Shuppim and Hosah [the lot came forth] westward, with the gate Shallecheth, by the causeway of the going up, ward against ward.
Nehemiah 12:24 And the chief of the Levites: Hashabiah, Sherebiah, and Jeshua the son of Kadmiel, with their brethren over against them, to praise [and] to give thanks, according to the commandment of David the man of God, ward over against ward.
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- the teacher:
- Even among the twenty-four leaders, some were more expert than others; some were teachers, and others were scholars; but every one was taken by the solemn casting of lots, without any regard to these distinctions. Thus all things were disposed for the preserving of order, and avoiding all disputes about precedence. There being no respect had, in this divine distribution, to birth, but the younger in course preceded the elder.
1 Chronicles 15:22 And Chenaniah, chief of the Levites, [was] for song: he instructed about the song, because he [was] skilful.
2 Chronicles 23:13 And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the singers with instruments of musick, and such as taught to sing praise. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason.
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