Exodus 28:30New American Standard Bible (NASB ©1995) [2]
— “You shall put in the breastpiece of judgment the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall be over Aaron’s heart when he goes in before the LORD; and Aaron shall carry the judgment of the sons of Israel over his heart before the LORD continually.
King James Version (KJV 1769) [2]
— And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.
English Revised Version (ERV 1885)
— And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.
American Standard Version (ASV 1901) [2]
— And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart, when he goeth in before Jehovah: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before Jehovah continually.
Webster's Revision of the KJB (WEB 1833)
— And thou shalt put in the breast-plate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.
Darby's Translation (DBY 1890)
— And thou shalt put into the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim, that they may be upon Aaron's heart when he goeth in before Jehovah; and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before Jehovah continually.
Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR 1902)
— Thus shalt thou place, in the breastpiece for giving sentence, the lights and the perfections, so shall they be upon the heart of Aaron, when he goeth in before Yahweh,—so shall Aaron bear the sentence of the sons of Israel, upon his heart, before Yahweh, continually.
Young's Literal Translation (YLT 1898)
— 'And thou hast put unto the breastplate of judgment the Lights and the Perfections, and they have been on the heart of Aaron, in his going in before Jehovah, and Aaron hath borne the judgment of the sons of Israel on his heart before Jehovah continually.
Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (DR 1750)
— And thou shalt put in the rational of judgment doctrine and truth, which shall be on Aaron's breast, when he shall go in before the Lord: and he shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel on his breast, in the sight of the Lord always.
Geneva Bible (GNV 1560)
— Also thou shalt put in the brest plate of iudgement the Vrim and the Thummim, which shalbe vpon Aarons heart, when he goeth in before the Lord: and Aaron shall beare the iudgement of the children of Israel vpon his heart before the Lord continually.
Original King James Bible (AV 1611) [2]
— And thou shalt put in the breastplate of iudgement, the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall bee vpon Aarons heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall beare the iudgement of the children of Israel vpon his heart, before the LORD continually.
Lamsa Bible (1957)
— And you shall put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart when he enters before the LORD; and Aaron shall bear the judgments of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.
Brenton Greek Septuagint (LXX, Restored Names)
— And thou shalt put the Manifestation and the Truth on the oracle of judgment; and it shall be on the breast of Aaron, when he goes into the holy place before the Lord; and Aaron shall bear the judgments of the children of Israel on his breast before the Lord continually.
Full Hebrew Names / Holy Name KJV (2008) [2] [3]
— And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Tummim; and they shall be upon Aharon's heart, when he goeth in before Yahweh: and Aharon shall bear the judgment of the children of Yisrael upon his heart before Yahweh continually. |
And thou shalt put
5414 {5414} Primeנָתַןnathan{naw-than'}
A primitive root; to give, used with great latitude of application ( put, make, etc.).
z8804 <8804> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Perfect (See H8816) Count - 12562
in
x413 (0413) Complementאֵל'el{ale}
(Used only in the shortened constructive form (the second form)); a primitive particle, properly denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, that is, near, with or among; often in general, to.
the breastplate
2833 {2833} Primeחֹשֶׁןchoshen{kho'-shen}
From an unused root probably meaning to contain or sparkle; perhaps a pocket (as holding the Urim and Thummim), or rich (as containing gems), used only of the gorget of the highpriest.
of judgment
4941 {4941} Primeמִשְׁפָּטmishpat{mish-pawt'}
From H8199; properly a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (particularly) divine law, individual or collectively), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly justice, including a particular right, or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style.
x853 (0853) Complementאֵת'eth{ayth}
Apparently contracted from H0226 in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely).
the
´Ûrîm
אוּרִים
y224 [0224] Standardאוּרִים'Uwriym{oo-reem'}
Plural of H0217; lights; Urim, the oracular brilliancy of the figures in the high priest's breastplate.
x217 (0217) Complementאוּר'uwr{ore}
From H0215; flame, hence (in the plural) the East (as being the region of light).
and the
Tûmmîm
תּוּמִּים;
8550 {8550} PrimeתֻּמִּיםTummiym{toom-meem'}
Plural of H8537; perfections, that is, (technically) one of the epithets of the objects in the high priest's breastplate as an emblem of complete Truth.
and they shall be
x1961 (1961) Complementהָיָהhayah{haw-yaw'}
A primitive root (compare H1933); to exist, that is, be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary).
upon
x5921 (5921) Complementעַל`al{al}
Properly the same as H5920 used as a preposition (in the singular or plural, often with prefix, or as conjugation with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications.
´Ahárön's
אַהֲרֹן
175 {0175} Primeאַהֲרֹן'Aharown{a-har-one'}
Of uncertain derivation; Aharon, the brother of Moses.
heart,
3820 {3820} Primeלֵבleb{labe}
A form of H3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything.
when he goeth
y935 [0935] Standardבּוֹאbow'{bo}
A primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of applications).
z8800 <8800> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Infinitive (See H8812) Count - 4888
in
x935 (0935) Complementבּוֹאbow'{bo}
A primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of applications).
before
6440 {6440} Primeפָּנִיםpaniym{paw-neem'}
Plural (but always used as a singular) of an unused noun ( פָּנֶה paneh, {paw-neh'}; from H6437); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition ( before, etc.).
Yähwè
יָהוֶה:
3068 {3068} PrimeיְהֹוָהY@hovah{yeh-ho-vaw'}
From H1961; (the) self Existent or eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God.
and
´Ahárön
אַהֲרֹן
175 {0175} Primeאַהֲרֹן'Aharown{a-har-one'}
Of uncertain derivation; Aharon, the brother of Moses.
shall bear
5375 {5375} Primeנָשָׂאnasa'{naw-saw'}
A primitive root; to lift, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, absolutely and relatively.
z8804 <8804> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Perfect (See H8816) Count - 12562
x853 (0853) Complementאֵת'eth{ayth}
Apparently contracted from H0226 in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely).
the judgment
4941 {4941} Primeמִשְׁפָּטmishpat{mish-pawt'}
From H8199; properly a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (particularly) divine law, individual or collectively), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly justice, including a particular right, or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style.
of the children
1121 {1121} Primeבֵּןben{bane}
From H1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like H0001, H0251, etc.).
of
Yiŝrä´ël
יִשׂרָאֵל
3478 {3478} PrimeיִשְׂרָאֵלYisra'el{yis-raw-ale'}
From H8280 and H0410; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity.
upon
x5921 (5921) Complementעַל`al{al}
Properly the same as H5920 used as a preposition (in the singular or plural, often with prefix, or as conjugation with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications.
his heart
3820 {3820} Primeלֵבleb{labe}
A form of H3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything.
before
6440 {6440} Primeפָּנִיםpaniym{paw-neem'}
Plural (but always used as a singular) of an unused noun ( פָּנֶה paneh, {paw-neh'}; from H6437); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition ( before, etc.).
Yähwè
יָהוֶה
3068 {3068} PrimeיְהֹוָהY@hovah{yeh-ho-vaw'}
From H1961; (the) self Existent or eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God.
continually.
8548 {8548} Primeתָּמִידtamiyd{taw-meed'}
From an unused root meaning to stretch; properly continuance (as indefinite extension); but used only (attributively as adjective) constant (or adverbially constantly); elliptically the regular (daily) sacrifice. |
Exodus 28:30
_ _ thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and Thummim — The words signify “lights” and “perfections”; and nothing more is meant than the precious stones of the breastplate already described (compare Exodus 39:8-21; Leviticus 8:8). They received the name because the bearing of them qualified the high priest to consult the divine oracle on all public or national emergencies, by going into the holy place — standing close before the veil and putting his hand upon the Urim and Thummim, he conveyed a petition from the people and asked counsel of God, who, as the Sovereign of Israel, gave response from the midst of His glory. Little, however, is known about them. But it may be remarked that Egyptian judges wore on the breast of their official robes a representation of Justice, and the high priest in Israel long officiated also as a judge; so that some think the Urim and Thummim had a reference to his judicial functions. |
Exodus 28:30
The Urim and Thummim — By which the will of God was made known in doubtful cases, was put in this breast — plate, which is therefore called the breast — plate of judgment. Urim and Thummim signify light and integrity: many conjectures there are among the learned what they were: we have no reason to think they were any thing that Moses was to make, more than what was before ordered; so that either God made them himself, and gave them to Moses, for him to put into the breast — plate when other things were prepared; or, no more is meant but a declaration of the farther use of what was already ordered to be made. The words may be read thus, And thou shalt give, or add, to the breast — plate of judgment, the illuminations and perfections, and they shall be upon the heart of Aaron — That is, he shall be endued with a power of knowing and making known the mind of God in all difficult cases relating either to the civil or ecclesiastical state. Their government was a theocracy; God was their king, the high priest was, under God, their ruler, this Urim and Thummim were his cabinet council: probably Moses wrote upon the breast — plate, or wove into it, these words, Urim and Thummim, to signify, that the high — priest, having on him this breast — plate, and asking council of God in any emergency, should be directed to those measures, which God would own. If he were standing before the ark, probably he received instructions from off the mercy — seat, as Moses did, Exodus 25:22. If he were at a distance from the ark, as Abiathar was when he enquired of the Lord for David, 1 Samuel 23:6, then the answer was given either by a voice from heaven, or by an impulse upon the mind of the high priest, which last is perhaps intimated in that expression, he shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart. This oracle was of great use to Israel, Joshua consulted it. Numbers 27:21, and it is likely, the judges after him. It was lost in the captivity, and never retrieved after. It was a shadow of good things to come, and the substance is Christ. He is our oracle; by him God in these last days, makes known himself and his mind to us. Divine revelation centers in him, and comes to us through him; he is the light, the true light, the faithful witness; and from him we receive the Spirit of truth, who leads into all truth. The joining of the breast — plate to the ephod notes, that his prophetical office was founded on his priesthood; and it was by the merit of his death that he purchased this honour for himself, and this favour for us. It was the Lamb that had been slain that was worthy to take the book and to open the seals. Revelation 5:9. The judgment — The breast — plate of judgment: That breast — plate which declared the judgment or mind of God to the Israelites. |
Exodus 28:30
And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the (n) Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.
(n) Urim signifies light, and thummim perfection: declaring that the stones of the breastplate were most clear, and of perfect beauty: by urim also is meant knowledge, and thummim holiness, showing what virtues are required in the priests. |
the Urim and Thummim, את אורים ואת התמים the Urim and Thummim, lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX δηλωσιϚ και αληθεια, manifestation and truth; and, by the Vulgate, doctrina et veritas, doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed:
1. That in the description of the high priest's breastplate,
Exodus 39:8 And he made the breastplate [ of] cunning work, like the work of the ephod; [ of] gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
, et seq., the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in
Leviticus 8:8 And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim and the Thummim.
, the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones.
2. As Moses has given such a particular description of every thing relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned.
Leviticus 8:8 And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim and the Thummim.
Numbers 27:21 And he shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who shall ask [ counsel] for him after the judgment of Urim before the LORD: at his word shall they go out, and at his word they shall come in, [ both] he, and all the children of Israel with him, even all the congregation.
Deuteronomy 33:8 And of Levi he said, [Let] thy Thummim and thy Urim [ be] with thy holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, [ and with] whom thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;
Judges 1:1 Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them?
Judges 20:18 And the children of Israel arose, and went up to the house of God, and asked counsel of God, and said, Which of us shall go up first to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the LORD said, Judah [ shall go up] first.
Judges 20:23 ( And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until even, and asked counsel of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up again to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother? And the LORD said, Go up against him.)
Judges 20:27- 28 And the children of Israel enquired of the LORD, (for the ark of the covenant of God [ was] there in those days, ... And Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood before it in those days,) saying, Shall I yet again go out to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother, or shall I cease? And the LORD said, Go up; for to morrow I will deliver them into thine hand.
1 Samuel 23:9- 12 And David knew that Saul secretly practised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring hither the ephod. ... Then said David, Will the men of Keilah deliver me and my men into the hand of Saul? And the LORD said, They will deliver [ thee] up.
1 Samuel 28:6 And when Saul enquired of the LORD, the LORD answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets.
1 Samuel 30:7- 8 And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech's son, I pray thee, bring me hither the ephod. And Abiathar brought thither the ephod to David. ... And David enquired at the LORD, saying, Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them? And he answered him, Pursue: for thou shalt surely overtake [ them], and without fail recover [ all].
Ezra 2:63 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and with Thummim.
Nehemiah 7:65 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood [ up] a priest with Urim and Thummim.
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- bear the judgment:
Zechariah 6:13 Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both.
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- upon his heart:
2 Corinthians 6:11-12 O [ye] Corinthians, our mouth is open unto you, our heart is enlarged. ... Ye are not straitened in us, but ye are straitened in your own bowels.
2 Corinthians 7:3 I speak not [this] to condemn [you]: for I have said before, that ye are in our hearts to die and live with [you].
2 Corinthians 12:15 And I will very gladly spend and be spent for you; though the more abundantly I love you, the less I be loved.
Philippians 1:7-8 Even as it is meet for me to think this of you all, because I have you in my heart; inasmuch as both in my bonds, and in the defence and confirmation of the gospel, ye all are partakers of my grace. ... For God is my record, how greatly I long after you all in the bowels of Jesus Christ.
Hebrews 2:17 Wherefore in all things it behoved him to be made like unto [his] brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest in things [pertaining] to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the people.
Hebrews 4:15 For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as [we are, yet] without sin.
Hebrews 9:12 Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption [for us].
Hebrews 9:24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, [which are] the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us:
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