Isaiah 65:4New American Standard Bible (NASB ©1995) [2]
— Who sit among graves and spend the night in secret places; Who eat swine’s flesh, And the broth of unclean meat is [in] their pots.
King James Version (KJV 1769) [2]
— Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable [things is in] their vessels;
English Revised Version (ERV 1885)
— which sit among the graves, and lodge in the secret places; which eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;
American Standard Version (ASV 1901) [2]
— that sit among the graves, and lodge in the secret places; that eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;
Webster's Revision of the KJB (WEB 1833)
— Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable [things is in] their vessels;
Darby's Translation (DBY 1890)
— who sit down among the graves, and lodge in the secret places; who eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things [is in] their vessels;
Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR 1902)
— Who tarry among graves, And, in the secret places, do lodge—Who eat the flesh of swine, And, the broth of refuse things, is in their vessels,—
Young's Literal Translation (YLT 1898)
— Who are dwelling among sepulchres, And lodge in reserved places, Who are eating flesh of the sow, And a piece of abominable things—their vessels.
Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (DR 1750)
— That dwell in sepulchres, and sleep in the temple of idols: that eat swine's flesh, and profane broth is in their vessels.
Geneva Bible (GNV 1560)
— Which remaine among the graues, and lodge in the desarts, which eate swines flesh, and the broth of things polluted are in their vessels.
Original King James Bible (AV 1611) [2]
— Which remaine among the graues, and lodge in the monuments, which eate swines flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels:
Lamsa Bible (1957)
— Who sit in tombs and lodge in caves, who eat swine's flesh and pollute their vessels with unclean carcasses; to break the law and to defile the holy covenant, that they may provoke the LORD.
Brenton Greek Septuagint (LXX, Restored Names)
— They lie down to sleep in the tombs and in the caves for the sake of dreams, [even] they that eat swine's flesh, and the broth of [their] sacrifices: all their vessels are defiled:
Full Hebrew Names / Holy Name KJV (2008) [2] [3]
— Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable [things is in] their vessels; |
Which remain
3427 {3427} Primeיָשַׁבyashab{yaw-shab'}
A primitive root; properly to sit down (specifically as judge, in ambush, in quiet); by implication to dwell, to remain; causatively to settle, to marry.
z8802 <8802> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Participle Active (See H8814) Count - 5386
among the graves,
6913 {6913} Primeקֶבֶרqeber{keh'-ber}
From H6912; a sepulchre.
and lodge
3885 {3885} Primeלוּןluwn{loon}
A primitive root; to stop (usually over night); by implication to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain).
z8799 <8799> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Imperfect (See H8811) Count - 19885
in the monuments,
5341 {5341} Primeנָצַרnatsar{naw-tsar'}
A primitive root; to guard, in a good sense (to protect, maintain, obey, etc.) or a bad one (to conceal, etc.).
z8803 <8803> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Participle Passive (See H8815) Count - 1415
which eat
398 {0398} Primeאָכַל'akal{aw-kal'}
A primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively).
z8802 <8802> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Participle Active (See H8814) Count - 5386
swine's
2386 {2386} Primeחֲזִירchaziyr{khaz-eer'}
From an unused root probably meaning to inclose; a hog (perhaps as penned).
flesh,
1320 {1320} Primeבָּשָׂרbasar{baw-sawr'}
From H1319; flesh (from its freshness); by extension body, person; also (by euphemism) the pudenda of a man.
and broth
4839 {4839} Primeמָרַקmaraq{maw-rawk'}
From H4838; soup (as if a rinsing).
z8675 <8675> Grammar
Kethiv Reading
Where the translators of the Authorised Version followed the qere reading rather than the kethiv.
y6564 [6564] Standardפָּרָקparaq{paw-rawk'}
From H6561; soup (as full of crumbed meat).
of abominable
6292 {6292} Primeפִּגּוּלpigguwl{pig-gool'}
From an unused root meaning to stink; properly fetid, that is, (figuratively) unclean (ceremonially).
[ things is in] their vessels;
3627 {3627} Primeכְּלִיk@liy{kel-ee'}
From H3615; something prepared, that is, any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon). |
Isaiah 65:4
_ _ remain among ... graves — namely, for purposes of necromancy, as if to hold converse with the dead (Isaiah 8:19, Isaiah 8:20; compare Mark 5:3); or, for the sake of purifications, usually performed at night among sepulchres, to appease the manes [Maurer].
_ _ monuments — Hebrew, “pass the night in hidden recesses,” either the idol’s inmost shrines (“consecrated precincts”) [Horsley], where they used to sleep, in order to have divine communications in dreams [Jerome]; or better, on account of the parallel “graves,” sepulchral caves [Maurer].
_ _ eat swine’s flesh — To eat it at all was contrary to God’s law (Leviticus 11:7), but it much increased their guilt that they ate it in idolatrous sacrifices (compare Isaiah 66:17). Varro (On Agriculture, 2.4) says that swine were first used in sacrifices; the Latins sacrificed a pig to Ceres; it was also offered on occasion of treaties and marriages.
_ _ broth — so called from the “pieces” (Margin) or fragments of bread over which the broth was poured [Gesenius]; such broth, made of swine’s flesh, offered in sacrifice, was thought to be especially acceptable to the idol and was used in magic rites. Or, “fragments (pieces) of abominable foods,” etc. This fourth clause explains more fully the third, as the second does the first [Maurer].
_ _ is in — rather, literally, “is their vessels,” that is, constitute their vessels’ contents. The Jews, in our Lord’s days, and ever since the return from Babylon, have been free from idolatry; still the imagery from idolatrous abominations, as being the sin most loathsome in God’s eyes and that most prevalent in Isaiah’s time, is employed to describe the foul sin of Israel in all ages, culminating in their killing Messiah, and still rejecting Him. |
Isaiah 65:4
Remain — They remained among the graves, there consulting with devils, who were thought to delight in such places; or to practice necromancy, all which were forbidden, Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19. Monuments — Some interpret it of idol temples, some of caves and dens, in which the Heathens used to worship their idols. Broth of abominable things — Of such flesh as was to the Jews unclean by the law. |
Isaiah 65:4
Which remain among the (f) graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat (g) swine's flesh, and broth of abominable [things is in] their vessels;
(f) To consult with spirits, and to conjure devils, which was forbidden.
(g) Which was contrary to God's commandment, (Leviticus 11:7; Deuteronomy 14:8). |
- remain:
Numbers 19:11 He that toucheth the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven days.
Numbers 19:16-20 And whosoever toucheth one that is slain with a sword in the open fields, or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days. ... But the man that shall be unclean, and shall not purify himself, that soul shall be cut off from among the congregation, because he hath defiled the sanctuary of the LORD: the water of separation hath not been sprinkled upon him; he [is] unclean.
Deuteronomy 18:11 Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer.
Matthew 8:28 And when he was come to the other side into the country of the Gergesenes, there met him two possessed with devils, coming out of the tombs, exceeding fierce, so that no man might pass by that way.
Mark 5:2-5 And when he was come out of the ship, immediately there met him out of the tombs a man with an unclean spirit, ... And always, night and day, he was in the mountains, and in the tombs, crying, and cutting himself with stones.
Luke 8:27 And when he went forth to land, there met him out of the city a certain man, which had devils long time, and ware no clothes, neither abode in [any] house, but in the tombs.
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- which eat:
Isaiah 66:3 He that killeth an ox [is as if] he slew a man; he that sacrificeth a lamb, [as if] he cut off a dog's neck; he that offereth an oblation, [as if he offered] swine's blood; he that burneth incense, [as if] he blessed an idol. Yea, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in their abominations.
Isaiah 66:17 They that sanctify themselves, and purify themselves in the gardens behind one [tree] in the midst, eating swine's flesh, and the abomination, and the mouse, shall be consumed together, saith the LORD.
Leviticus 11:7 And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud; he [is] unclean to you.
Deuteronomy 14:8 And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet cheweth not the cud, it [is] unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead carcase.
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- broth:
- or, pieces,
Exodus 23:19 The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring into the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk.
Exodus 34:26 The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring unto the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk.
Deuteronomy 14:3 Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing.
Deuteronomy 14:21 Ye shall not eat [of] any thing that dieth of itself: thou shalt give it unto the stranger that [is] in thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto an alien: for thou [art] an holy people unto the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk.
Ezekiel 4:14 Then said I, Ah Lord GOD! behold, my soul hath not been polluted: for from my youth up even till now have I not eaten of that which dieth of itself, or is torn in pieces; neither came there abominable flesh into my mouth.
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