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Leviticus 22:10

New American Standard Bible (NASB ©1995) [2]
— ‘No layman, however, is to eat the holy [gift]; a sojourner with the priest or a hired man shall not eat of the holy [gift].
King James Version (KJV 1769) [2]
— There shall no stranger eat [of] the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat [of] the holy thing.
English Revised Version (ERV 1885)
— There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest's, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.
American Standard Version (ASV 1901) [2]
— There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest's, or a hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.
Webster's Revision of the KJB (WEB 1833)
— There shall no stranger eat [of] the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or a hired servant, shall not eat [of] the holy thing.
Darby's Translation (DBY 1890)
— And no stranger shall eat the holy thing; the sojourner with the priest, and the hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.
Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR 1902)
— And, no stranger, shall eat what is hallowed,—neither, one who dwelleth with a priest, nor a hireling, shall eat what is hallowed.
Young's Literal Translation (YLT 1898)
— 'And no stranger doth eat of the holy thing; a settler of a priest and an hireling doth not eat of the holy thing;
Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (DR 1750)
— No stranger shall eat of the sanctified things: a sojourner of the priests, or a hired servant, shall not eat of them.
Geneva Bible (GNV 1560)
— There shall no stranger also eate of the holie thing, neither the ghest of the Priest, neither shall an hired seruant eat of the holie thing:
Original King James Bible (AV 1611) [2]
— There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing; a soiourner of the Priests, or an hired seruant shall not eate of the holy thing.
Lamsa Bible (1957)
— There shall no alien eat of the holy things; a sojourner of the priest, or a hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.
Brenton Greek Septuagint (LXX, Restored Names)
— And no stranger shall eat the holy things: one that sojourns with a priest, or a hireling, shall not eat the holy things.
Full Hebrew Names / Holy Name KJV (2008) [2] [3]
— There shall no stranger eat [of] the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat [of] the holy thing.

Strong's Numbers & Hebrew NamesHebrew Old TestamentColor-Code/Key Word Studies
There shall no x3808
(3808) Complement
לֹא
lo'
{lo}
lo; a primitive particle; not (the simple or abstract negation); by implication no; often used with other particles.
x3605
(3605) Complement
כֹּל
kol
{kole}
From H3634; properly the whole; hence all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense).
stranger 2114
{2114} Prime
זוּר
zuwr
{zoor}
A primitive root; to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery.
z8801
<8801> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851)
Mood - Participle (See H8813)
Count - 309
eat 398
{0398} Prime
אָכַל
'akal
{aw-kal'}
A primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively).
z8799
<8799> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851)
Mood - Imperfect (See H8811)
Count - 19885
[of] the holy thing: 6944
{6944} Prime
קֹדֶשׁ
qodesh
{ko'-desh}
From H6942; a sacred place or thing; rarely abstractly sanctity.
a sojourner 8453
{8453} Prime
תּוֹשָׁב
towshab
{to-shawb'}
(The second form used in 1 Kings 17:1); from H3427; a dweller (but not outlandish, H5237); especially (as distinguished from a native citizen (active participle of H3427) and a temporary inmate, H1616, or mere lodger, H3885) resident alien.
of the priest, 3548
{3548} Prime
כֹּהֵן
kohen
{ko-hane'}
Active participle of H3547; literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman).
or an hired servant, 7916
{7916} Prime
שָׂכִיר
sakiyr
{saw-keer'}
From H7936; a man at wages by the day or year.
shall not x3808
(3808) Complement
לֹא
lo'
{lo}
lo; a primitive particle; not (the simple or abstract negation); by implication no; often used with other particles.
eat 398
{0398} Prime
אָכַל
'akal
{aw-kal'}
A primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively).
z8799
<8799> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851)
Mood - Imperfect (See H8811)
Count - 19885
[of] the holy thing. 6944
{6944} Prime
קֹדֶשׁ
qodesh
{ko'-desh}
From H6942; a sacred place or thing; rarely abstractly sanctity.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary

Leviticus 22:10-13

_ _ Leviticus 22:10-16. Who of the priests’ house may eat of them.

_ _ There shall no stranger eat the holy thing — The portion of the sacrifices assigned for the support of the officiating priests was restricted to the exclusive use of his own family. A temporary guest or a hired servant was not at liberty to eat of them; but an exception was made in favor of a bought or homeborn slave, because such was a stated member of his household. On the same principle, his own daughter, who married a husband not a priest, could not eat of them. However, if a widow and childless, she was reinstated in the privileges of her father’s house as before her marriage. But if she had become a mother, as her children had no right to the privileges of the priesthood, she was under a necessity of finding support for them elsewhere than under her father’s roof.

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Leviticus 22:10-16

_ _ The holy things were to be eaten by the priests and their families. Now,

_ _ I. Here is a law that no stranger should eat of them, that is, no person whatsoever but the priests only, and those that pertained to them, Leviticus 22:10. The priests are charged with this care, not to profane the holy things by permitting the strangers to eat of them (Leviticus 22:15) or suffer them to bear the iniquity of trespass (Leviticus 22:16); that is, suffer them to bring guilt upon themselves, by meddling with that which they have no right to. Thus it is commonly understood. Note, We must not only be careful that we do not bear iniquity ourselves, but we must do what we can to prevent others bearing it. We must not only not suffer sin to lie upon our brother, but, if we can help it, we must not suffer it to come upon him. But perhaps there is another meaning of those words: the priests' eating the sin-offerings is said to signify their bearing the iniquity of the congregation, to make an atonement for them, Leviticus 10:17. Let not a stranger therefore eat of that holy thing particularly, and so pretend to bear the iniquity of trespass; for it is daring presumption for any to do that, but such as are appointed to do it. Those that set up other mediators besides Christ our priest, to bear the iniquity of trespass, sacrilegiously rob Christ of his honour, and invade his rights. When we warn people not to trust to their own righteousness, nor dare to appear before God in it, but to rely on Christ's righteousness only for peace and pardon, it is because we dare not suffer them to bear the iniquity of trespass, for we know it is too heavy for them.

_ _ II. Here is an explanation of the law, showing who were to be looked upon as belonging to the priest's family, and who not. 1. Sojourners and hired servants abode not in the house for ever; they were in the family, but not of it; and therefore they might not eat of the holy things (Leviticus 22:10): but the servant that was born in the house or bought with money, being a heirloom to the family, though a servant, yet might eat of the holy things, Leviticus 22:11. Note, Those only are entitled to the comforts of God's house who make it their rest for ever, and resolve to dwell in it all the days of their life. As for those who for a time only believe, to serve a present turn. They are looked upon but as sojourners and mercenaries, and have no part nor lot in the matter. 2. As to the children of the family, concerning the sons there could be no dispute, they were themselves priests, but concerning the daughters there was a distinction. While they continued in their father's house they might eat of the holy things; but, if they married such as were not priests, they lost their right (Leviticus 22:12), for now they were cut off from the family of the priests. Yet if a priest's daughter became a widow, and had no children in whom she might preserve a distinct family, and returned to her father's house again, being neither wife nor mother, she should again be looked upon as a daughter, and might eat of the holy things. If those whom Providence has made sorrowful widows, and who are dislodged from the rest they had in the house of a husband, yet find it again in a father's house, they have reason to be thankful to the widows' God, who does not leave them comfortless. 3. Here is a demand of restitution to be made by him that had no right to the holy things, and yet should eat of them unwittingly, Leviticus 22:14. If he did it presumptuously, and in contempt of the divine institution, he was liable to be cut off by the hand of God, and to be beaten by the magistrate; but, if he did it through weakness in inconsideration, he was to restore the value, adding a fifth part to it, besides which he was to bring an offering to atone for the trespass; see Leviticus 5:15, Leviticus 5:16.

_ _ III. This law might be dispensed with in a case of necessity, as it was when David and his men ate of the show-bread, 1 Samuel 21:6. And our Saviour justifies them, and gives a reason for it, which furnishes us with a lasting rule in all such cases, that God will have mercy and not sacrifice, Matthew 12:3, Matthew 12:4, Matthew 12:7. Rituals must give way to morals.

_ _ IV. It is an instruction to gospel ministers, who are stewards of the mysteries of God, not to admit all, without distinction, to eat of the holy things, but to take out the precious from the vile. Those that are scandalously ignorant or profane are strangers and aliens to the family of the Lord's priests; and it is not meet to take the children's bread and to cast it to such. Holy things are for holy persons, for those who are holy, at least, in profession, Matthew 7:6.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

Leviticus 22:10

No stranger — Of a strange family, who is not a priest; but there is an exception to this rule, Leviticus 22:11. A sojourner — One that comes to his house and abides there for a season, and eats at his table.

Geneva Bible Translation Notes

Leviticus 22:10

There shall no (d) stranger eat [of] the holy thing: a (e) sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat [of] the holy thing.

(d) Which is not of the tribe of Levi.

(e) Some read, the servant who had his ear bored, and would not go free, (Exodus 21:6).

Cross-Reference Topical ResearchStrong's Concordance
The word zar, a stranger, does not mean one of another nation, a foreigner, which is expressed by hechar, but one who is not of the seed of Aaron, or does not belong to his family.
1 Samuel 21:6 So the priest gave him hallowed [bread]: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away.
Matthew 12:4 How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them which were with him, but only for the priests?
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Chain-Reference Bible SearchCross References with Concordance

1S 21:6. Mt 12:4.

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