2 Samuel 10:4New American Standard Bible (NASB ©1995) [2]
— So Hanun took David’s servants and shaved off half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle as far as their hips, and sent them away.
King James Version (KJV 1769) [2]
— Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, [even] to their buttocks, and sent them away.
English Revised Version (ERV 1885)
— So Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
American Standard Version (ASV 1901) [2]
— So Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
Webster's Revision of the KJB (WEB 1833)
— Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, [even] to their buttocks, and sent them away.
Darby's Translation (DBY 1890)
— And Hanun took David's servants, and had the one half of their beards shaved off, and their raiment cut off in the midst, as far as their buttocks, and sent them away.
Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR 1902)
— Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off half their beards, and cut off their upper garments in the middle, as far as their buttocks,—and let them go.
Young's Literal Translation (YLT 1898)
— And Hanun taketh the servants of David, and shaveth off the half of their beard, and cutteth off their long robes in the midst—unto their buttocks, and sendeth them away;
Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (DR 1750)
— Wherefore Hanon took the servants of David, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut away half of their garments even to the buttocks, and sent them away.
Geneva Bible (GNV 1560)
— Wherefore Hanun tooke Dauids seruants, and shaued off the halfe of their beard, ? cut off their garments in the middle, euen to their buttockes, and sent them away.
Original King James Bible (AV 1611) [2]
— Wherefore Hanun tooke Dauids seruants, and shaued off the one halfe of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, [euen] to their buttocks, and sent them away.
Lamsa Bible (1957)
— Wherefore Hanun took David's servants and shaved off the one-half of their beards and cut off their garments in the middle as far as their buttocks, and sent them away.
Brenton Greek Septuagint (LXX, Restored Names)
— And Annon took the servants of David, and shaved their beards, and cut off their garments in the midst as far as their haunches, and sent them away.
Full Hebrew Names / Holy Name KJV (2008) [2] [3]
— Wherefore Chanun took Dawid's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, [even] to their buttocks, and sent them away. |
Wherefore
Çänûn
חָנוּן
2586 {2586} PrimeחָנוּןChanuwn{khaw-noon'}
From H2603; favored; Chanun, the name of an Ammonite and of two Israelites.
took
3947 {3947} Primeלָקַחlaqach{law-kakh'}
A primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications).
z8799 <8799> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Imperfect (See H8811) Count - 19885
Däwiđ's
דָּוִד
1732 {1732} PrimeדָּוִדDavid{daw-veed'}
From the same as H1730; loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse.
x853 (0853) Complementאֵת'eth{ayth}
Apparently contracted from H0226 in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely).
servants,
5650 {5650} Primeעֶבֶד`ebed{eh'-bed}
From H5647; a servant.
and shaved off
1548 {1548} Primeגָּלַחgalach{gaw-lakh'}
A primitive root; properly to be bald, that is, (causatively) to shave; figuratively to lay waste.
z8762 <8762> Grammar
Stem - Piel (See H8840) Mood - Imperfect (See H8811) Count - 2447
the
x853 (0853) Complementאֵת'eth{ayth}
Apparently contracted from H0226 in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely).
one half
2677 {2677} Primeחֲצִיchetsiy{khay-tsee'}
From H2673; the half or middle.
of their beards,
2206 {2206} Primeזָקָןzaqan{zaw-kawn'}
From H2204; the beard (as indicating age).
and cut off
3772 {3772} Primeכָּרַתkarath{kaw-rath'}
A primitive root; to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication to destroy or consume; specifically to covenant (that is, make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces).
z8799 <8799> Grammar
Stem - Qal (See H8851) Mood - Imperfect (See H8811) Count - 19885
x853 (0853) Complementאֵת'eth{ayth}
Apparently contracted from H0226 in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely).
their garments
4063 {4063} Primeמֶדֶוmedev{meh'-dev}
From an unused root meaning to stretch; properly extent, that is, measure; by implication a dress (as measured).
in the middle,
2677 {2677} Primeחֲצִיchetsiy{khay-tsee'}
From H2673; the half or middle.
[ even] to
x5704 (5704) Complementעַד`ad{ad}
Properly the same as H5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or conjugation; especially with a preposition); as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space ( even unto) or time ( during, while, until) or degree ( equally with).
their buttocks,
8357 {8357} Primeשֵׁתָהshethah{shay-thaw'}
From H7896; the seat (of the person).
and sent them away.
7971 {7971} Primeשָׁלַחshalach{shaw-lakh'}
A primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications).
z8762 <8762> Grammar
Stem - Piel (See H8840) Mood - Imperfect (See H8811) Count - 2447 |
2 Samuel 10:4
_ _ Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards — From the long flowing dress of the Hebrews and other Orientals, the curtailment of their garments must have given them an aspect of gross indelicacy and ludicrousness. Besides, a knowledge of the extraordinary respect and value which has always been attached, and the gross insult that is implied in any indignity offered, to the beard in the East, will account for the shame which the deputies felt, and the determined spirit of revenge which burst out in all Israel on learning the outrage. Two instances are related in the modern history of Persia, of similar insults by kings of haughty and imperious temper, involving the nation in war; and we need not, therefore, be surprised that David vowed revenge for this wanton and public outrage. |
2 Samuel 10:4
Shaved — To fasten this is a reproach upon them, and to make them ridiculous and contemptible. Cut off, &c. — This was worse than the former, because the Israelites wore no breeches, and so their nakedness was hereby uncovered. |
- and shaved:
- The beard is held in high respect and greatly valued in the East. The possessor considers it as his greatest ornament; often swears by it; and, in matters of great importance, pledges it; and nothing can be more secure than such a pledge; for its owner will redeem it at the hazard of his life. The beard was never cut off but in mourning, or as a sign of slavery. It is customary to shave the Ottoman princes, as a mark of their subjection to the reigning emperor. The beard is a mark of authority and liberty among the Mohammedans. The Persians who clip the beard, and shave above the jaw, are reputed heretics. They who serve in the seraglios have their beards shaven, as a sign of servitude; nor do they suffer them to grow till the sultan has set them at liberty. Among the Arabians, it is more infamous for anyone to appear with his beard cut off, than among us to be publicly whipped or branded; and many would prefer death to such a punishment.
Leviticus 19:27 Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard.
1 Chronicles 19:3-4 But the princes of the children of Ammon said to Hanun, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? are not his servants come unto thee for to search, and to overthrow, and to spy out the land? ... Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved them, and cut off their garments in the midst hard by their buttocks, and sent them away.
Psalms 109:4-5 For my love they are my adversaries: but I [give myself unto] prayer. ... And they have rewarded me evil for good, and hatred for my love.
Isaiah 15:2 He is gone up to Bajith, and to Dibon, the high places, to weep: Moab shall howl over Nebo, and over Medeba: on all their heads [shall be] baldness, [and] every beard cut off.
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- cut off:
Isaiah 20:4 So shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians prisoners, and the Ethiopians captives, young and old, naked and barefoot, even with [their] buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt.
Isaiah 47:2-3 Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers. ... Thy nakedness shall be uncovered, yea, thy shame shall be seen: I will take vengeance, and I will not meet [thee as] a man.
Jeremiah 41:5 That there came certain from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria, [even] fourscore men, having their beards shaven, and their clothes rent, and having cut themselves, with offerings and incense in their hand, to bring [them] to the house of the LORD.
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