Deuteronomy 28:23New American Standard Bible (NASB ©1995) [2]
— “The heaven which is over your head shall be bronze, and the earth which is under you, iron.
King James Version (KJV 1769) [2]
— And thy heaven that [is] over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee [shall be] iron.
English Revised Version (ERV 1885)
— And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron.
American Standard Version (ASV 1901) [2]
— And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron.
Webster's Revision of the KJB (WEB 1833)
— And thy heaven that [is] over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that [is] under thee [shall be] iron.
Darby's Translation (DBY 1890)
— And thy heavens which are over thy head shall be brass, and the earth which is under thee, iron.
Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR 1902)
— And thy heavens which are over thy head, shall become bronze,—and the earth which is under thee iron.
Young's Literal Translation (YLT 1898)
— 'And thy heavens which [are] over thy head have been brass, and the earth which [is] under thee iron;
Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (DR 1750)
— Be the heaven, that is over thee, of brass: and the ground thou treadest on, of iron.
Geneva Bible (GNV 1560)
— And thine heauen that is ouer thine head, shall be brasse, and the earth that is vnder thee, yron.
Original King James Bible (AV 1611) [2]
— And the heauen that is ouer thy head shall be brasse, and the earth that is vnder thee [shall be] yron.
Lamsa Bible (1957)
— And the heaven that is over your head shall be brass, and the earth that is under you shall be iron.
Brenton Greek Septuagint (LXX, Restored Names)
— And thou shalt have over thine head a sky of brass, and the earth under thee shall be iron.
Full Hebrew Names / Holy Name KJV (2008) [2] [3]
— And thy heaven that [is] over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee [shall be] iron. |
And thy heaven
8064 {8064} Primeשָׁמַיִםshamayim{shaw-mah'-yim}
The second form being dual of an unused singular; from an unused root meaning to be lofty; the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve).
that
x834 (0834) Complementאֲשֶׁר'asher{ash-er'}
A primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as adverb and conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
[ is] over
x5921 (5921) Complementעַל`al{al}
Properly the same as H5920 used as a preposition (in the singular or plural, often with prefix, or as conjugation with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications.
thy head
7218 {7218} Primeרֹאשׁro'sh{roshe}
From an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as most easily shaken), whether literally or figuratively (in many applications, of place, time, rank, etc.).
shall be
x1961 (1961) Complementהָיָהhayah{haw-yaw'}
A primitive root (compare H1933); to exist, that is, be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary).
brass,
5178 {5178} Primeנְחֹשֶׁתn@chosheth{nekh-o'-sheth}
For H5154; copper; hence, something made of that metal, that is, coin, a fetter; figuratively base (as compared with gold or silver).
and the earth
776 {0776} Primeאֶרֶץ'erets{eh'-rets}
From an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land).
that
x834 (0834) Complementאֲשֶׁר'asher{ash-er'}
A primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as adverb and conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
is under
x8478 (8478) Complementתַּחַתtachath{takh'-ath}
From the same as H8430; the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.
thee [ shall be] iron.
1270 {1270} Primeבַּרְזֶלbarzel{bar-zel'}
Perhaps from the root of H1269; iron (as cutting); by extension an iron implement. |
Deuteronomy 28:23
_ _ heaven ... brass ... earth ... iron — strong Oriental figures used to describe the effects of long-continued drought. This want of regular and seasonable rain is allowed by the most intelligent observers to be one great cause of the present sterility of Palestine. |
Deuteronomy 28:23
Brass — Like brass, hard and dry, and shut up from giving rain. Iron — Hard and chapt and barren. |
Deuteronomy 28:23
And thy heaven that [is] over thy head shall be (k) brass, and the earth that is under thee [shall be] iron.
(k) It will give you no more moisture than if it were of brass. |
The language here is remarkable: "Thy heaven;" that part of the atmosphere which was over Judea, instead of being replenished with aqueous vapours, should become, with respect to moisture, like brass, and consequently their land would become as hard as iron, and wholly incapable of cultivation; while the clouds might give showers in abundance, and the earth be moist and fruitful in other regions.
Leviticus 26:19 And I will break the pride of your power; and I will make your heaven as iron, and your earth as brass:
1 Kings 17:1 And Elijah the Tishbite, [ who was] of the inhabitants of Gilead, said unto Ahab, [ As] the LORD God of Israel liveth, before whom I stand, there shall not be dew nor rain these years, but according to my word.
1 Kings 18:2 And Elijah went to shew himself unto Ahab. And [ there was] a sore famine in Samaria.
Jeremiah 14:1- 6 The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah concerning the dearth. ... And the wild asses did stand in the high places, they snuffed up the wind like dragons; their eyes did fail, because [ there was] no grass.
Amos 4:7 And also I have withholden the rain from you, when [ there were] yet three months to the harvest: and I caused it to rain upon one city, and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained upon, and the piece whereupon it rained not withered.
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